Feature-Alumni

Clint Flint, MA 1992 and PhD 1995: Charting the rise and fall of great sea powers

Gabriela Rocha Sales — Fri, 19 Sep 2025 21:24:14 +0000

Clint Flint, MA 1992 and PhD 1995: Charting the rise and fall of great sea powers Gabriela Rocha Sales Fri, 09/19/2025 - 15:24

Copied from Colorado Arts and Sciences Magazine for archival purposes.

Charting the rise and fall of great sea powers

CU alum’s book examines how the fate of the Netherlands, Great Britain and the United States as economic and political powers has been deeply intertwined with their ability to project power via the seas

Colin Flint, a ��ƷSM��ӰƬ PhD geography graduate and professor of political geography at Utah State University, researches the rise and fall of great world powers.

It’s a topic beyond simple academic interest to Flint, who was born in 1965 and raised in England during a period of seismic change in the country.

“At the time, Britain was still struggling to figure out that it wasn’t the world’s greatest power anymore, so my socialization and political coming of age was in a declined power,” he says. Additionally, Flint says being raised in the busy ferry port of Dover made a powerful impression on him by highlighting the country’s long history as a maritime nation.

Colin Flint, a ��ƷSM��ӰƬ PhD geography graduate, researches the rise and fall of great world powers.

“Dover definitely has influenced me, being so close to the water,” he says. “My high school was on a hill overlooking the harbor, which at the time was the busiest ferry port in the world, with ships going back and forth to France and Belgium. So, the notion was very much rooted in me that Britain drew its power, historically, from the sea.”

At one point, Flint entertained the idea of joining the Royal Navy before setting his career sights on academia. He obtained his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Britain, then pursued his PhD in geography at the ��ƷSM��ӰƬ thanks to fortuitous connections between his undergrad mentor and ��ƷSM��ӰƬ Department of Geography Professor John O’Loughlin.

“I moved to United States of America in 1990 to attend university, and the literature at the time and discussions were all very declinist. It was very much, ‘America has gone down the tubes,’” he says. “Broadly speaking, I moved from a declined power into a declining power, or so I thought at the time.”

After the fall of the Soviet Union, Flint says the idea of America as a declining power was largely replaced with a triumphalist narrative that saw the U.S. as the world’s only remaining superpower.

Ideas about what makes a country an economic and political superpower—and how a country can lose its status as a hegemonic power—had been percolating in Flint’s brain for years when he recently published his book Near and Far Waters: The Geopolitics of Seapower. The book specifically looks at the Netherlands, Great Britain and the United States for context on how the countries used sea power to project their economic and political influence across the globe.

Flint spoke with Colorado Arts and Sciences Magazine about his book, while also offering insights on how current events are shaping the outlook for the United States and the world. His answers have been edited for clarity and condensed.

Question: What is the context for your book’s title: Near and Far Waters?

Flint: There are legal terms about coasts and the exclusive economic zone around the country’s coastlines, but I’m not using it in that way. I’m thinking about an area of ocean in which a country has interest and influence over and off its coastline.

"Near and Far Waters" by ��ƷSM��ӰƬ alumnus Colin Flint focuses on the Netherlands, Great Britain and the United States for context on how the countries used sea power to project their economic and political influence across the globe.

That is an important piece of ocean for a country because there’s resource exploitation, but it’s also a matter of security. If a country wants to protect itself from potential invasion, it needs to control those waters off its coastline—it’s near waters.

Some countries, once they’ve established control of their near waters, have the ability and desire to project beyond that, across the oceans into what would then become its far waters. If you think about Great Britain in the context of the British Empire, once it fought off European threats to its coastline—its near waters—it was then able to develop the sea power to establish its empire. It was in African far waters, it was in Indian far waters, in Middle East far waters and so on.

Another good example of this would be how the United States of America, over the course of history, pushed other countries out of its near waters. The Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico are good examples, where Spanish and British influence were ended over the 1800s and 1900s. And then by establishing control through annexation of Hawaii and the purchase of Alaska, America developed its Pacific near waters, too, which it expanded upon through the course of World War II, pushing the Japanese back and establishing bases in Okinawa, Japan; the Philippines; and Guam, etc.

Question: One of your chapters is titled ‘No Island is an Island.’ What do you mean by that?

Flint: I was talking about how the projection of sea power requires the control of islands. Often, the geopolitical goal and benefit of controlling an island is not the island itself—it’s how it enables projection of power further, or how it hinders other countries’ projection of power by being near sea lines of communication that you can have a base to try and disrupt. For example, when Hawaii became part of the United States, it allowed the U.S. to project power across the Pacific. Again, it’s not the island itself—it’s the projection of power across an ocean.

Projecting sea power is about more than just having a strong navy.

Question: If one country’s far waters extend into the near waters of another country, that would seem to be a recipe for conflict, would it not?

Flint: That is the kicker, of course, that a sea power’s far waters are another country’s near waters. And it has historically led to conflicts and even wars. It’s always involved violence—and not just between great powers and lesser powers, but also violence against the people living on islands or in coastal lands where sea powers are looking to establish dominance and exploit resources.

Question: China has been rapidly expanding its navy in recent years. Is it simply beefing up its sea forces to protect its near waters, or is it looking to supplant the U.S. as the dominant sea power? Or are there other motives at play?

Flint: You often see in newspaper articles written in the United States and maybe other Western countries that China has the biggest navy in the world. This always makes me laugh because, yes, it’s got hundreds and hundreds of tiny little coastal defense vessels, but even now that it has two aircraft carriers, it does not have the ability to project power like the United States of America, which has 11 carrier groups. So, I think that should always be recognized.

The other sort of trope that’s often wielded out there, which I think we need to question, is: The West is worried about China developing a navy, because it will allow China to disrupt trade networks. Well, wait a minute. China is very dependent on imports, especially of fuel or energy. Additionally, it is the world’s largest trading economy, and it’s worried about the robustness of its domestic economy. They cannot maintain their economic growth based purely on their domestic market, so they need to have a global economic presence for markets and for securing inputs into their economy.

Putting those two things together, it makes no sense why China would want to disrupt global trade. In fact, the country’s reaction to President Trump’s sanctions tells us that the last thing China wants is global trade disrupted. They’re very worried about the fragility of their own economy and whether that leads to social unrest, etc. The flip side of that is how the West could really hurt China by blocking those trade routes to prevent energy imports into China and exports.

China is definitely trying to grow its navy. I think what makes it so interesting is its simultaneous attempt to have a navy that can defend its near waters while perhaps preventing the operation of the United States in its far waters. To what extent China is attempting to establish a presence in its far waters is less clear.

"A sea power’s far waters are another country’s near waters. And it has historically led to conflicts and even wars," notes scholar Colin Flint. ("Naval Battle of 1812," Painting, Oil on Canvas; By Rodolfo Claudus; 1962/U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command)

Question: From your book, it seems like you have some serious concerns about the potential for a serious conflict arising from disputes over near and far waters?

Flint: In fact, I’ve never been so concerned or worried in my career, to be honest with you. When I started teaching my class on political geography many moons ago, let’s say in the mid-1990s, I used to start off with some structural model of global political change, which essentially says, we have cycles of war and peace, for the want of a better term.

And I asked my students to try and get them engaged: ‘Picture yourself in 2025. What are you going to be doing?’ It was staggering to me how many of them believed that they would be millionaires and already retired (laughs).

The point of that was that the model I was using predicted another period of global war, starting in 2025. I don’t do that exercise anymore, because it isn’t funny; it’s really quite serious. So yes, the risk of war is high, and I think it could emerge in a number of different places. One focus is on the South China Sea, the near waters of China, as that is clearly a potential flashpoint. Taiwan is the obvious focal point of what that conflict would look like.

I also wonder about potential flashpoints of conflict in Chinese far waters—and that could include the Arctic and the Northern Atlantic, because another factor that has to be considered is global climate change and the increasing possibility of a trade route through the North Pole, which would cut trade times from China into European markets considerably. Those waters represent U.S. near waters, so …

Question: Do you envision any sort of viable alternatives to a conflict between world powers over near and far waters, especially in today’s environment?

Flint: My motivation with the book was with an eye to waving some sort of flag about how to think about peace rather than war. Most of our lenses are national lenses. If we keep on this pattern of a national lens, then I see a strong likelihood to repeat these cycles of near and far water sea powers, which have always involved a period of global war.

We need to change that lens. We need to have a global view as to why countries are always seeking far waters, entering other people’s near waters and why that can lead to conflict.

Today, we’re facing a humanity-scale problem, which is global climate change. Is that the thing that will tell us we need to work together, rather than compete? I’m not saying it is; I’m saying, if I see a glimmer of optimism to your question, that’s it.

Question: Based upon your research, if a country loses its status as a hegemonic power, can it later recover that status? And, in the context of today’s world, what might things look like if the U.S. lost its hegemonic status?

Flint: The short answer is no, based upon past history, a country that loses its hegemonic status has not been able to reclaim it once it’s gone.

But to your second question, it goes back to the question about what China’s intentions are. In American popular culture, where every sports team has to be No. 1, even if they are eighth in some Mickey Mouse conference, there is this obsession that there has to be a singular winner or champion.

What I’m saying is that we shouldn’t just assume that if the United States declines there will be another emergent dominant power in the world. It’s quite possible that if the United States declines, what might emerge would be a multipolar world, although I don’t know what that might look like.

Geography alum’s book examines how the fate of the Netherlands, Great Britain and the United States as economic and political powers has been deeply intertwined with their ability to project power via the seas

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A Place-based History of Yellowstone National Park: New Book from Randall Wilson, MA 1993, Featured in Various News Outlets

Gabriela Rocha Sales — Tue, 29 Apr 2025 19:25:41 +0000

A Place-based History of Yellowstone National Park: New Book from Randall Wilson, MA 1993, Featured in Various News Outlets Gabriela Rocha Sales Tue, 04/29/2025 - 13:25

A Place Called Yellowstone: The Epic History of the World's First National Park

I just published a place-based history of Yellowstone National Park (A Place Called Yellowstone) with Counterpoint Press. It has received positive reviews from Booklist, Kirkus Reviews, and the LA Times. It has also been featured in articles in USA Today (Sunday Dec. 15), the Bozeman Daily Chronicle, and other outlets. The book is intended for general audiences and uses a historical geographic approach to articulate the profound legacies of Yellowstone on the way nature is valued and perceived in American society.

The program at CU led me to a PhD program at the University of Iowa, and then to a decades-long career as an educator and researcher. I have been a professor of environmental studies at Gettysburg College since 2000. My research has focused on public lands and resource management issues in Colorado and across the western United States (and beyond).

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Rebecca Theobald, MA, PhD: Maps for Everyone

Gabriela Rocha Sales — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 20:24:18 +0000

Rebecca Theobald, MA, PhD: Maps for Everyone Gabriela Rocha Sales Mon, 04/28/2025 - 14:24

Whenever I prepare a presentation, I always try to provide a map so that participants can explore multiple spatial perspectives or situate themselves in relationship to the discussion. And of course, giant floor maps command the most attention! The comprehensive Department of Geography at ��ƷSM��ӰƬ provided me with the ability to explore multiple spatial perspectives and to collaborate across a variety of disciplines. Learning that physical and human geography, as well as environment-society relations and geographic tools, were all honored within the department cemented my understanding of the value of a broad education for students at all levels. Following six years of commuting from Colorado Springs, I joined the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at UCCS where for ten years, I coordinated the Colorado Geographic Alliance, which supported professional development for elementary and secondary teachers across the state. I also served as a consultant to National Geographic’s Alliance for Geographic Education, expanding my understanding of policy and professional practices across the country. Drawing on these geography education connections, I edited the National Council for Geographic Education’s journal, “The Geography Teacher”, for nine years. I could not have made it through that process without the willingness of graduate school colleagues and CU faculty to provide service to the discipline as authors and reviewers.

Giant Map of Colorado

My time in elementary and secondary classrooms reinforced the knowledge that geospatial technology tools continue to be unfamiliar to the majority of K-12 teachers. While geography is often not taught as a separate course in middle or high school, government or civics classes are usually required, so I developed GeoCivics (geocivics.uccs.edu) in 2017 to introduce online mapping tools as part of an instructional unit on electoral redistricting. I am working to keep these tools in place as we approach the 2030 Census. More recently, I have turned to the connection between civic action and environmental issues. Last November, I attended the United Nations Climate Conference in Baku, Azerbaijan as an observer for the United States League of Women Voters (USLWV). You can read my impressions (and see some maps) at https://ges.uccs.edu/news-events, and view a presentation from several of the national League’s participants at https://youtu.be/HsPtH8TboiI. When I share my experience, I always try to offer information about the location, which has been well received. I continue to appreciate the opportunity to collaborate with Boulder geographers throughout the last several decades. As geographers, no matter the setting, we are all educators, so don’t hesitate to locate a map to illustrate your story.

Rebecca is currently an Associate Research Professor with the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at the University of Colorado Colorado Springs.

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Lionel D Lyles (PhD 1977)

Gabriela Rocha Sales — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 20:14:38 +0000

Lionel D Lyles (PhD 1977) Gabriela Rocha Sales Mon, 04/28/2025 - 14:14

My name is Dr. Lionel D. Lyles. I graduated in August 1977 with my Doctoral Degree in Urban-Historical Geography with an emphasis on the evolutionary development of contemporary urban problems. My major Professors at the time were, namely, Theodore Myers, Melvin Albaum, Yuk Lee, and Nicholas Helburn.

These Professors prepared me for the social, economic, political, judicial, and environmental (e.g., climate change) problems that the American Working Class People are facing today. From the moment I graduated, and my training taught me that the cause of all the mentioned categories in which problems exist cannot be understood without first conducting an exhaustive, scientific analysis of the American Capitalist System.

Thus, for the past 40 years, I researched and objectively examined this system using the dialectical method, from pre-colonial times to 1980 and the present. The central theme is if an American is a wage earner, then he or she belongs to the American Working Class; if an American is a wealthy, non-producer, who owns multiple million and billions of dollars, he or she belongs to the American Ruling Class. My work shows American Society is the product of an historical class struggle between these mentioned classes.

At this time-2025-the American Working Class is only aware of itself via trade unionism. This level of political awareness can only win the working class people a disproportionate increase in wages relative to the millions of dollars of surplus value they lose during the process of production.

To help American Working Class People realize their historical mission of change, it took me five years to research and write the following books:

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Joseph Kerski contributed a chapter to the new book Thriving in An Academic Career

Gabriela Rocha Sales — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 20:12:27 +0000

Joseph Kerski contributed a chapter to the new book Thriving in An Academic Career Gabriela Rocha Sales Mon, 04/28/2025 - 14:12

Thriving in an Academic Career: An International and Interdisciplinary Guide for Early Career Faculty

Joseph Kerski wrote Chapter 13 - Integrating web mapping and geospatial technologies – in a new book that should be very helpful for all students considering a faculty career – and all faculty as well – Thriving In An Academic Career, recently published by AAG and Routledge. Kerski’s chapter will help faculty teach with web mapping tools in and out of GIS courses, in physical geography, cultural geography, mathematics, business, economics, and in other disciplines.

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Don Friend (M.A. 1988) is continuing work on water in mountains begun as a graduate student at CU

Gabriela Rocha Sales — Mon, 28 Apr 2025 20:01:49 +0000

Don Friend (M.A. 1988) is continuing work on water in mountains begun as a graduate student at CU Gabriela Rocha Sales Mon, 04/28/2025 - 14:01

With climate change causing a water supply crisis in high mountain Asia, a panel of experts, including Don, gathered in summer 2024 to discuss the biophysical and human impacts of this crisis in an “International Expert Dialogue on Mountains, People, and Climate.” The event, was opened by the Prime Minister of Nepal, featured remarks from Ministers of Environment from across Asia and from United Nations dignitaries. During the opening scientific session, Don delivered the keynote presentation titled, “From Vulnerability to Building Resilience: The Mountain Water Security Crisis Requires Expanding Water Supply and Water Demand Management.”

Don is now Distinguished Professor of Geography at Minnesota State University. Some highlights of his faculty career include serving as a US National Academy of Sciences Jefferson Science Fellow (2019-2020), and as a Fulbright Senior Scholar (2004-2005). He was the US Representative to the International Geographical Union Commission on Mountain Response to Global Change (2000-2016) and is past Chair and Founder of the Mountain Geography Specialty Group of the American Association of Geographers. After completing his M.A. at CU, he earned the Ph.D. at Arizona State University.

Don being thanked for his presentation at the International Expert Dialogue, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2024.

Don delivering remarks at the International Expert Dialogue, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2024.

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Warren Schupbach, MA 1968, on His Days at CU and Beyond

Gabriela Rocha Sales — Tue, 10 Dec 2024 20:54:59 +0000

Warren Schupbach, MA 1968, on His Days at CU and Beyond Gabriela Rocha Sales Tue, 12/10/2024 - 13:54

I enrolled at CU as a Teaching Associate, Fall Semester, 1965 on a two-year Master's program. John Loeffler was my advisor. After one year, I began teaching Civics and Geography in the Jefferson County Public Schools, Lakewood, Colorado. I completed my MA, Summer Session, 1968.

I taught Social Studies in the Jefferson County Public Schools until 1970 when I received a contract to teach Economics and Geography at the Community College of Denver - North Campus which became Front Range Community College, Westminster in 1976.

In addition to my teaching duties, I became a board member of the Community College Social Science Association headquartered in Grossmont College, San Diego County, California. I compiled an extensive 35mm slide collection of 19th and 20th century mining sites in Colorado. I also documented visuals of reclamation efforts at the URAD mine in Clear Creek County, Colorado, the AMAX Mine near Leadville, Colorado, and a Superfund site near Minturn, Colorado. I presented a lecture Colorado mining numerous times, using these slides. During this time, I also taught an occasional Geography class at Metropolitan State University of Colorado,

I was also chair of the Community College Liaison Committee for Economics and Geography. Our task was to meet with university faculty to standardize catalog course descriptions and credit hour offerings to facilitate transferability of our courses. The result was the creation of a community college core curriculum included in the Associate of Arts and Associate of Science degrees which guaranteed transferability to four year state schools.

I also started an European Studies Program in 1990 which enabled students to travel to western, central and Mediterranean Europe and obtain credits in Geography, Economics, or Humanities. Approximately 400 individuals participated in this program. I retired from FRCC in 1998. My most influential professors at CU included John Loeffler, Pablo Guzman-Rivas, Albert Smith and Theodore Myers.

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Geography Alumnus Joseph Kerski: Be a Positive Change Agent Through Applying Geography!

Gabriela Rocha Sales — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 22:38:12 +0000

Geography Alumnus Joseph Kerski: Be a Positive Change Agent Through Applying Geography! Gabriela Rocha Sales Mon, 12/09/2024 - 15:38

Geography gives you superpowers! I truly believe that as I have seen how the geographic perspective, content knowledge, and skills have empowered people to make wiser decisions from local to global scale. I hold 3 degrees in geography including 2 from ��ƷSM��ӰƬ. My research focuses on teaching and learning with geotechnologies. My dissertation title at the University of Colorado was “the implementation and effectiveness of GIS in education”, and I have been living and breathing this topic ever since. In fact, that is a major focus of my role on the Esri education team, which supports schools and higher education use of GIS in teaching, research, and in campus facilities. I have had the honor of serving in all 4 major sectors of society: Government (USGS, Census Bureau), academia (I currently teach at the University of Denver, the University of Minnesota, Au Sable Institute, and Harrisburg Area Community College), private industry (serving on the Esri education team), and nonprofit organizations (I served as president of the National Council for Geographic Education and have been active in AAG, AGU (science), ISTE (technology education), and elsewhere). I have authored 12 books including Interpreting Our World [bloomsbury.com], a new book on teaching mathematics with interactive mapping, Tribal GIS, The GIS Guide to Public Domain Data, and have created 6,000 videos visible here on my Our Earth channel [esriurl.com] I operate a spatial data and society blog on https://spatialreserves.wordpress.com which includes many ethical issues related to mapping. My podcast, called Thinking Spatially, is published monthly: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/thinking-spatially/id1441426924 I spend about 40% of my time on travel, visiting 35 campuses and 10 conferences annually; I also spend a great deal of time writing curriculum helping people to think spatially and use geotechnologies, including this new set of lessons. On my recent last visit to ��ƷSM��ӰƬ, I visited faculty, and conducted guest presentations to Professor Schlosser’s cartography course, and about “GIS for good” to the CU Atlas data-and-society students.

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Geography Alumnus and Professor Contribute to the Swastika Counter Project

Gabriela Rocha Sales — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 22:33:33 +0000

Geography Alumnus and Professor Contribute to the Swastika Counter Project Gabriela Rocha Sales Mon, 12/09/2024 - 15:33

Jason Miller, a recent graduate of the University of Colorado with a Bachelor of Arts in Geography, has made a significant contribution to the Swastika Counter Project, led by Dr. Laurie E. Gries and Dr. Kelly L. Wheeler. This project documents and maps instances of swastika sightings reported in U.S. social and news media to shed light on the persistence and spread of these symbols. Equipped with an accessible, interactive map, the Swastika Counter Project is a public humanities project that aims to educate the general public about the targets, circulation, and intensity of antisemitic signs on the streets of the United States.

Jason developed the interactive map under the guidance of Professor Morteza Karimzadeh at ��ƷSM��ӰƬ Geography, drawing inspiration from his mentorship.

Jason’s background in geography provided a foundation in spatial analysis and geo-visualization, which he has since expanded into both front-end and back-end web development, computer programming, and 2D/3D graphic design. His passion for these fields—particularly in web design and programming—demonstrates his commitment to combining creativity with technology. Outside of his professional pursuits, he enjoys exploring the mountains and plains of Colorado, writing songs, and developing video games.

Looking ahead, Jason plans to deepen his work at the intersection of interactive media and creative programming, creating dynamic experiences that engage audiences in meaningful ways. Inspired by his professors and mentors, he aims to apply his skills across disciplines, bridging technical expertise and creative innovation in his future projects.

Data analysis by The Swastika Counter Project found at least 1,300 documented incidents of swastikas in the United States between Jan. 1, 2016, and Jan. 20, 2021.

Residents of Eugene, Oregon, responded against swastikas found in a city neighborhood in 2017. (Photo: SBG Photo)

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Geography Alumnus Chris McMorran, Forever in the Field

Gabriela Rocha Sales — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 22:29:10 +0000

Geography Alumnus Chris McMorran, Forever in the Field Gabriela Rocha Sales Mon, 12/09/2024 - 15:29

I stumbled into Geography, and it has made all the difference.

I majored in Anthropology for my Bachelor's degree back in Iowa, and never took a Geography course until I started my MA at CU in 2000. Thankfully, my courses at CU and work as a Teaching Assistant opened my eyes to the conceptual tools of Geography, while supporting my passion for field-based research. My MA (2002) and PhD (2008), both supervised by Prof Timothy Oakes, explored the landscapes and labor of tourism in rural Japan, which I have written about extensively and have taught about at the National University of Singapore since 2010.

During my time in the Guggenheim building, I was lucky to be surrounded by supportive, fascinating, and fun fellow grad students, some of whom remain close friends. I fondly remember Friday colloquia, weekday escapes to the mountains, potluck dinners, TA support sessions, holidays together, and more. I will also be forever grateful to my Professors, who pushed me to engage with complex ideas and created an atmosphere of deep, open conversation in their classrooms. That said, one of my most profound memories was a semester spent doing GIS labs in the dark recesses of the Guggenheim basement. The experience made me appreciate my instructors who helped me survive the journey, and it reminded me why I prefer being out in the field, talking with people and walking through the Japanese countryside.

These days I share my love for Geography and the field with my own students. As the lone Geographer in the Department of Japanese Studies at NUS, I have the opportunity to teach about deeply-Geographical concepts, like in my course called "Home", and field-based research methods, like in my course about the politics of heritage tourism, which includes 10 days in Japan. (https://news.nus.edu.sg/exploring-japans-heritage-and-tourism-in-kyushu/), I also continue to write about Japan and field-based research, including a book about the landscapes and labor of Japanese hospitality called "Ryokan: mobilizing hospitality in rural Japan" (2022).

I treasure my time at ��ƷSM��ӰƬ and my luck at becoming an accidental Geographer.

Chris (left), with Dan Trudeau (PhD, CU-Boulder) and Ken Foote (former faculty CU-Boulder) at the 2024 AAG meetings

Chris observing the sunset in Aso, Japan with a student

Chris in the field with students in Fukuoka, Japan

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